COLON CANCER HEALTH PROBLEM PULBLICA
Tuesday, May 17, 2011
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Colorectal cancer is a very common disease and the second leading cause of death from cancer in Spain. An estimated 5% of men and 3% of women develop it before age 74. Early detection programs can diagnose it in time to increase the chances of curing and preventing death from this cause. But despite these data, screening programs have not yet been extended universally.
In Spain each year, more than 25,000 new cases of colorectal cancer the second leading cause of death from cancer disease. The incidence rate (or development of new cases) than 60 diagnoses per 100,000 population per year, according to Modesto Jose Varas, a specialist in Gastroenterology, CIMA (International Center for Advanced Medicine) Teknon Medical Center and Valley Hospital Hebron, on the occasion of World Day against colon cancer. This day of information and awareness about this disease is organized each March 31. The impact of the disease in the European population justifies this type of initiative. It is estimated that 5% of men and 3% of women will develop colorectal carcinoma before age 74. Therefore, the European Union (EU) has recommended that all Member States to implement screening programs among citizens aged 50 to 74 years. Despite the frequency of diagnosis, at present, do not get to detect it in an early "because there is no universal technique for the entire population," says Vara. Was diagnosed in 2010, mostly due to the development of symptoms that forced the patient to seek medical advice. Test FOBT
Varas explains that "in our country have implemented some programs with a relatively easy and inexpensive in the economic aspect: the detection of fecal occult blood, targeting men and women between 50 and 69 years. "But this procedure is associated with a high number of false positives, ie cases of possible false alarms colon cancer. This news may cause anxiety in those who receive this diagnosis is suspected, until they are subjected to a test to confirm or discard it. It's the same situation experienced by women participating in a program of breast cancer CRIVA. In the colon, the detection of fecal occult blood is the universal method to think about your potential development. If the test is positive, it is proposed the patient the colonoscopy with biopsy or polypectomy (removal of polyps, pedunculated tumor so) when appropriate. Germany is the only EU country where colonoscopies are performed every ten years to individuals over 55. Total colonoscopy with sedation and the removal of a polyp in the colon or rectum, when necessary, can cure more than 10% of cases if the benign tumor has become malignant. "The majority of colorectal cancers develop from polyps, which are very common, although only 3% progression to cancer. The average time taken to complete this transformation more than ten years, "explains Varas. In Spain, some regions already have a screening program. This is the practice of occult blood in stool and, if necessary, another scan to confirm the diagnosis or discard it. Under the Strategy Against Cancer National Health System (NHS), it is expected that these programs are extended to the whole NHS, ie all regions. Varas recalls that " the main objective is to reduce mortality by diagnosis in earlier stages. QUALITY OF LIFE AND DEATH
The mortality rate of those affected has decreased in recent years. Their survival rate after five years, around 50%. However, when diagnosed at stage I (or stages), it is 90%, as occurs in breast cancer, explains José Varas Modesto. "This disease is diagnosed so early, although not as much as we want to achieve a complete cure," he adds. 60% of colorectal cancer cases are sporadic, not affecting families and individuals over 50 years (hence the importance of prevention, since anyone can develop). 30% of cases are familial, which means that the person concerned has any history in your family. Finally, the inherited form represents less than 10% of cases, a minority. For detection, are performed diagnostic genetic tests, specifies Varas. Once detected, an endoscopy or an endoscopic ultrasound, which evaluates the degree of infiltration (stage) to establish an individualized treatment and improve outcomes. The ultrasound is done either in the same endoscopic procedure (colonoscopy) with "miniprobes" or a second scan, with teams more sophisticated. Then treated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery customized, depending on the stage of disease. Other treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies, are still under investigation. Diagnostic and therapeutic medical advances such as those described have led to the reduction in deaths and increased the survival rate. Parallel to this, there has been an improvement in the quality of life, and that fewer patients have to undergo a colostomy, which involves an opening is made to allow passage of stool.
The main warning signs are the presence of blood in the stool and a change in bowel
Among the major warning signs include blood in the stool (hematochezia) and change in usual bowel habits. Blood loss may go unnoticed and cause anemia or alarm to the plaintiff when he perceives. Most of the bleeding occurs because they develop hemorrhoids, but still, to a bleeding, you should always consult a specialist. 
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