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Memory

The term memory identifies data storage that comes in the form of chips, and the word storage is used for memory that exists on tapes or disks. There are several types of memory:
- RAM (Random Access Memory): This is the same as main memory. When used by itself, the term RAM memory refers to reading and writing, ie you can either write data to RAM RAM read. Most RAM is volatile, which means it requires a constant flow of electricity to maintain its contents. As soon as the power supply is interrupted, all data that was in RAM is lost.
- ROM (read-only memory): Computers almost always contain a small amount of read-only memory that holds instructions for starting the computer. In ROM can not write, read only memory.
- PROM (programmable read-only memory): A PROM is a memory chip that you can save a program. But once the PROM has been used, you can not re-use it to save more. Like the ROM, PROMS are permanent.
- EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory): An EPROM is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light.
- EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory): An EEPROM is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to an electrical charge.

Storage Devices

are all devices used to record computer data on a permanent or temporary. A disk drive, along with the discs you record, is a storage device. It is sometimes said that a computer has devices primary storage (or main) and secondary (or auxiliary). When making this distinction, the primary storage device is random access memory (RAM) computer, a storage device whose contents are permanent, but temporary. The secondary storage includes permanent storage devices such as disk drives and tape drives. Logic circuits



A logic circuit is one that manages the information in the form of "1" and "0" (binary code), two fixed voltage levels. "1" high (turned on) and "0" low (off). These circuits consist of digital elements such as gates: AND (Y), OR (O), NOT (NO) and little or very complex combinations of these. Assembler



An assembler is a system application that is responsible for translating a source file written in assembly language, an object file containing machine code directly executable by the machine to which it has generated.



KERNEL Kernel (or core) is that part of an operating system that interacts directly with the hardware of a machine. The main functions of the kernel are:

• The memory management.

• The management system files.

• The administration of services and devices, input / output

• The allocation of resources among users.